Vozes contra o aborto legal : discussão da arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental 442 no jornal Gazeta do Povo (2017)

Abstract

Busco neste trabalho analisar como se dá a perpetuação dos valores patriarcais que controlam o corpo da mulher a partir da Primeira República até os dias de hoje, e como o corpo da mulher foi limitado ao exercício de esposa e mãe, perspectiva da qual ainda não se libertou. Considerando o papel da imprensa como difusor de comportamentos e ideologias, após o levantamento da caminhada legislativa da mulher brasileira a partir do final do século XIX, analiso a série de artigos publicados por parte conservadora da imprensa, na figura do jornal curitibano Gazeta do Povo, que buscam analisar a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 442. Este trabalho busca examinar os argumentos mobilizados e os agentes para essa construção histórica, para que possamos compreender quem move a opinião conservadora neste assunto e fazer um estudo em cima das vozes que se levantam contra o aborto legal no Brasil.

This final paper reflects on the gender models in two photographs from the economic elite of Porto Alegre, between the years 1908 and 1913. Through the notion of the age of complementary opposites between male and female, I investigate through two photographs of socialization moments what those people expressed, through their images, poses, clothes, what was for them the correct externalization of their genders. To do so, I use the Evidential Paradigm of Carlo Ginzburg as theoretical approach and the conceptions of Visual Culture about the image, where photography is understood not as a representation, but as a construction that influenced the reality of the photographed, and the “education of the eye” as a way to see the images. The political environment, of consolidation of the young Republic in Brazil, is relevant, in the sense that the new “owners of power”, the Republicans, absorbed new members to the political and economic elite, in struggle with their predecessors, the powerful locals in the imperial regime. It is in this scenario that the restriction of female roles must be considered, and, consequently, the definition of the masculine, in the search for social prestige and self affirmation as a class. In this work, I aim to analyze how the perpetuation of patriarchal values that control the woman’s body from the First Republic to present days occurs, and how the woman’s body was limited to the exercise of wife and mom roles, a perspective of which it is not yet liberated. Considering the role of the press as a diffuser of behaviors and ideologies, after surveying the legislative walk of Brazilian women from the end of the 19th century, I analyze the series of articles published by the conservative sector of the press, in the figure of the Curitiba newspaper Gazeta do Povo, that aims to analyze the Allegation of Non-compliance of Fundamental Precept 442. This work aims to examine the arguments mobilized and the agents for this historical construct, so that we can comprehend who moves the conservative opinion on this subject and perform a study upon the voices that stand against legal abortion in Brazil.