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dc.contributor.advisorLamers, Marcelo Lazzaronpt_BR
dc.contributor.authorDiel, Leonardo Franciscopt_BR
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-26T04:57:19Zpt_BR
dc.date.issued2018pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10183/235535pt_BR
dc.description.abstractO carcinoma espinocelular oral (CEC oral) é o tipo de câncer mais frequente na cavidade oral, língua e lábios. As células tumorais secretam inúmeros fatores que atuam sobre células adjacentes levando a reprogramação destas, que passam então a atuar em prol do tumor, favorecendo seu crescimento, progressão, invasão e formação de metástases. Este conjunto recebeu o nome de microambiente tumoral e entre os seus componentes estão: fibroblastos, macrófagos, linfócitos e neutrófilos. Os macrófagos se destacam pela presença em inúmeros tipos de câncer, sendo. Atualmente se sabe que os macrófagos possuem dois perfis denominados: M1, que pelas características de citocinas liberadas possui atividade anti-tumoral; e M2 que é considerado pro tumoral, sendo relacionado a pior prognóstico em diversos cânceres. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1- analisar o papel de macrófagos no prognóstico de pacientes com CEC; 2- observar o padrão inflamatório em tumores de pacientes e a influência dos macrófagos na migração de células de CEC. Para responder ao objetivo 1 realizamos uma revisão sistemática de literatura, com buscas realizadas nas bases PubMed, Scopus e ISI Web of Knowledge em que, de um total de 286 artigos, 14 atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. A maioria dos trabalhados utilizava os marcadores CD68 um pan marcador de macrófagos e/ou CD163 marcador de M2, sendo que altos níveis destes marcadores estão associados a menor sobrevida livre de doença, presença de metástases e pior prognóstico. Para o objetivo 2 realizamos uma série de experimentos: análise proteômica e quantificação de macrófagos M1 e M2 em tumores de pacientes com CEC, e avaliação do papel do meio condicionado (CM) de macrófagos em uma linhagem de carcinoma espinocelular oral (SCC25). A análise proteômica mostrou que há diferença entre proteínas relacionadas a inflamação da zona adjacente do tumor (TAE) em relação ao centro do tumor (CT). Quando verificamos o perfil inflamatório em pacientes com CEC oral, houve uma similaridade entre macrófagos M1 e M2 na TAE e na CT. Os testes com CM de macrófagos polarizados sobre SCC25 mostrou que M2-CM aumenta a velocidade de migração em 18% (p<0,05) em relação ao controle e ainda alterou a direcionalidade das células. Concluímos que os macrófagos, principalmente do tipo M2, se relacionam a pior prognóstico em pacientes com CEC oral. Já a presença de proteínas relacionadas a inflamação apresentou um padrão entre as áreas avaliadas, dados similares foram vistos quando avaliamos a quantidade de macrófagos. Por fim, M2-CM altera o perfil de migração de células de SCC25, provavelmente através de citocinas liberadas no meio que atuam sobre a velocidade e direcionalidade de migração.pt_BR
dc.description.abstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent type of cancer in the oral cavity, tongue and lips. Tumor cells secrete several factors that act on adjacent cells leading to the reprogramming of these cells, that they start acting on the tumor, favoring its growth, progression, invasion and formation of metastases. This characteristic is called tumor microenvironment and among its components are observed: fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Macrophages are distinguished by the presence n innumerable types of cancer, and even more numerous than the tumor cells. It is known that macrophages have two profiles called M1, which, due to the characteristics of released cytokines, have anti-tumor activity and type M2, which is considered pro-tumoral, and is related to a worse prognosis in several cancers. The objectives of this study were: 1- to analyze the role of macrophages in the prognosis of patients with OSCC; 2- to observe the inflammatory pattern in tumors of patients and to analyze the influence of macrophages in the migration of OSCC cells. In order to respond to objective 1, we carried out a systematic review of the literature, with searches performed in the PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge databases which, from a total of 286 articles, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the articles used the CD68 markers as a pan marker of macrophages and / or CD 163 marker of M2. High levels of these markers were associated with reduced disease-free survival, presence of metastases and worse prognosis. For objective 2 we performed a series of experiments: proteomic analysis and quantification of M1 and M2 macrophages in tumors of patients with OSCC, and evaluation of the role of conditioned medium (CM) of polarized macrophages in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC25). Proteomic analysis showed that there is a difference between proteins related to the inflammation of the adjacent area of the tumor (TAE) in relation to the center of the tumor (CT). When we verified the inflammatory profile in patients with oral SCC, there was a similarity between M1 and M2 macrophages in TAE and in CT. The tests with CM on SCC25 cells showed that M2-CM increases the migration rate by 18% (p <0.05) over the control and also altered the directionality of the cells. We conclude that macrophages, mainly the M2-type, are related to a worse prognosis in patients with oral CEC. Also, the presence of inflammation-related proteins and the amount of macrophages were higher in CT. Finally, M2-CM altered the migration profile of SCC25 cells, probably through cytokines released in the medium which act on the speed and directionality of migration.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfpt_BR
dc.language.isoporpt_BR
dc.rightsOpen Accessen
dc.subjectFor objective 2 we performed a series of experiments: proteomic analysis and quantification of M1 and M2 macrophages in tumors of patients with OSCC, and evaluation of the role of conditioned medium (CM) of polarized macrophages in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC25). Proteomic analysis showed that there is a difference between proteins related to the inflammation of the adjacent area of the tumor (TAE) in relation to the center of the tumor (CT). When we verified the inflammatory profile in patients with oral SCC, there was a similarity between M1 and M2 macrophages in TAE and in CT. The tests with CM on SCC25 cells showed that M2-CM increases the migration rate by 18% (p <0.05) over the control and also altered the directionality of the cells. We conclude that macrophages, mainly the M2-type, are related to a worse prognosis in patients with oral CEC. Also, the presence of inflammation-related proteins and the amount of macrophages were higher in CT. Finally, M2-CM altered the migration profile of SCC25 cells, probably through cytokines released in the medium which act on the speed and directionality of migration.en
dc.subjectMacrófagospt_BR
dc.subjectTumor microenvironmenten
dc.subjectNeoplasias bucaispt_BR
dc.subjectPrognosisen
dc.subjectOral canceren
dc.subjectInflammationen
dc.subjectMacrophageen
dc.titleEfeitos da polarização de macrófagos m1 e m2 na migração celular e seu papel no prognóstico de pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular oralpt_BR
dc.typeTrabalho de conclusão de graduaçãopt_BR
dc.identifier.nrb001078457pt_BR
dc.degree.grantorUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sulpt_BR
dc.degree.departmentFaculdade de Odontologiapt_BR
dc.degree.localPorto Alegre, BR-RSpt_BR
dc.degree.date2018pt_BR
dc.degree.graduationOdontologiapt_BR
dc.degree.levelgraduaçãopt_BR


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